Founded
in 1576 where the Kwanza river meets the Atlantic
Ocean, Luanda became the capitol of Angola
in 1627. It was a principal port for the export of
slaves to Brazil. When Angola became independent in
1975, the Portuguese fled. They have been largely
replaced by Mbundus and Cubans. Today Luanda is the
second-busiest port in Angola, and its 1,100,000 residents
(1995 estimate) make their living
from oil and exporting the diamonds, coffee, sugarcane,
and oilseeds grown in the surrounding region.