| Built: |
1956-1959 |
| Formerly: |
The
Museum of Non-Objective Painting |
| Designed
by: |
Frank
Lloyd Wright |
| Type: |
Museum |
| Location: |
1071
Fifth Avenue |
It's
not unusual for architects to try to design art museums
that are works of art, themselves. It seems to make
sense, and affords them an opportunity to showcase
their talents on a building that will be seen by millions
as a landmark regardless of how it looks. This is
one of the fortunate cases where it worked. Celebrity
architect Frank Lloyd Wright was approached by Solomon
R. Guggenheim's art advisor in 1943 and asked to create
a building that would stir the soul. Designing an
art museum seems like an easy enough task -- there's
not much in the way of plumbing to worry about. Exterior
windows are generally frowned upon. And even if the
building is ugly, people will still use it because
they're there to see the art. The challenge for Wright
was to create a place that could showcase art without
detracting from it. That could incorporate natural
light without harming the objects. That would welcome
the masses, but still present a formal presence that
says, "look, but don't touch." Wright is well known
for his houses. His work in bucolic settings like
Wisconsin, Oklahoma, and southwest Pennsylvania are
legendary. Taking on a project in what was then the
nation's most populous city was not something he relished.
In fact, Wright hated New York, especially its architecture,
and made no secret of it. But he ended up giving the
city, and the world an architectural form that would
be copied for decades. The museum is an upside-down
spiral; a ziggurat, it has been suggested. Its facade
is clean and white, and the gaps between levels absorb
the light into darkness. These contrasting bands of
white and black will be repeated in skyscrapers and
office buildings long after his death. The building's
exterior is both Spartan and intriguing at the same
time. It contrasts with the square forms around it.
And thought visitors might regard it as a bit bland,
those same visitors should be delighted to find that
they are able to view the entire art collection without
interruption. Instead of the art being hemmed in by
traditional galleries, visitors can meander down the
spiral slope while viewing the works. It's a system
that solves a long-standing problem in the art world
-- how immerse the viewer in the art without distracting
them with the mundanities of walking through a building.
In this case, the galleries are wedge-shaped affairs
that encourage people to explore the art while unconsciously
exploring the building.
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"I
need a fighter, a lover of space, an agitator, a tester
and a wise man...I want a temple of spirit, a monument!"
-Hilla Rebay
Guggenheim art advisor
1943
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