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| Built: |
~10,000
B.C. |
| Maximum
Height: |
176
feet |
| Type: |
Natural architecture. |
| Location: |
The
Niagara River between Niagara Falls, New York and Niagara
Falls, Ontario. |
One
of the great natural wonders of the world, for hundreds
of years Niagara Falls has attracted visitors from
both sides of the border, and around the world. The
falls were formed more than 12,000 years ago when
the river now known as the Niagara River exposed a
weak layer in the rock over which it flows. That point
was at present-day Lewiston, New York. Over time,
the water wore away more and more rock. First cataracts,
then rapids, then as a mighty waterfall, it marched
slowly backward munching rock along the way. These
days, the waterfall does not move as quickly as it
once did. Human intervention tries to minimize the
damage done by natural forces, and because of hydroelectric
projects, less water flows over the precipice. The
casual visitor would never notice that, unless they
visit at night when the flow is most dramatically
reduced. Many of the casual visitors are on their
honeymoons and wouldn't notice much. It is something
of a tradition in the northeastern United States and
Canada for newly married couples to visit the falls.
According to legend, this was started in 1804 when
Jerome Bonaparte, Napoleon's younger brother, honeymooned
there with his American bride. There are three distinct
falls in the Niagara Falls complex: The Canadian Falls
(also known as Horseshoe falls), The American Falls,
and The Bridal Veil Falls. The Canadian Falls are
roughly crescent-shaped and are separated from the
American Falls by Goat Island, New York. The American
Falls are straight. The Americans and Canadians came
to an agreement in 1950 on how to divide the water
that comes down the river. Once that was hammered
out, both sides built massive hydroelectric projects
to take advantage of the water.
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The
Canadian Falls (Horseshoe Falls) are 167 feet high.
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The
Canadian Falls are 2,500 feet long.
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90% of the water flows over the Canadian Falls.
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The American Falls are 176 feet high.
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The American Falls are 1,100 feet long.
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10%
of the water flows over the American Falls.
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Water
for the Canadian power station flows through a pair
of tunnels that are five-miles long, 45 feet in
diameter and 330 feet deep.
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1678
- Father Louis Hennepin, a French missionary, becomes
the first to document the presence of Niagara Falls.
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1757
- Daniel Chabert Joncaire builds a sawmill at Niagara
Falls.
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1860
- People start illuminating the falls at night.
At the time it was done with flares. Later with
floodlights.
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1882 - The Schoellkopf Power Station is built.
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1895 - The first hydroelectric power station is
constructed at Niagara Falls. It could only transmit
electricity 300 feet.
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1896
- Nikola Tesla develops a technology allowing him
to transmit electricity from the falls to Buffalo,
New York.
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27 January, 1938 - The Honeymoon Bridge collapses
because of a build-up of ice in the river below.
7 June,
-
1956
- The Schoellkopf Power Station collapses into the
river when it is hit by a rock slide triggered by
a small earthquake.
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1958
- The Sir Adam Beck-Niagara power station is constructed
on the Canadian side.
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1963
- The Robert Moses-Niagara Power Plant is constructed
on the American side.
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1969 - In a US$1,500,000.00 project, the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers builds an earthen dam to shut
off the American Falls and study erosion problems.
It is decided to let nature take its course.
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